On January 20, 2025, President Donald Trump issued a series of executive orders that have significant implications for both domestic and international affairs. Two notable actions include the termination of birthright citizenship for children of non-citizens and a 90-day freeze on foreign aid to all countries. These measures are poised to impact nations like Ethiopia, both in terms of their citizens residing in the U.S. and the aid they receive.

Termination of Birthright Citizenship

The executive order aims to end the automatic granting of U.S. citizenship to children born on American soil to non-citizen parents, including those on temporary visas or without legal status. This policy shift challenges the long-standing interpretation of the 14th Amendment, which has traditionally conferred citizenship to anyone born in the U.S. Legal experts anticipate significant constitutional challenges to this order, as the Supreme Court has historically upheld birthright citizenship.

For Ethiopian nationals in the U.S., this policy could have profound effects. Children born to Ethiopian parents who are not U.S. citizens or lawful permanent residents may no longer automatically acquire U.S. citizenship. This change could lead to an increase in stateless individuals, complicating their legal status and access to services. Moreover, it may deter Ethiopians from traveling to or residing in the U.S. on temporary visas, impacting educational and professional opportunities.

90-Day Freeze on Foreign Aid

President Trump’s “America First” policy has led to a temporary suspension of foreign aid for 90 days, during which the administration plans to reassess and potentially restructure aid distribution. Ethiopia, a significant recipient of U.S. aid aimed at supporting economic development, healthcare, and education, stands to be directly affected by this freeze. The suspension could disrupt ongoing projects and strain Ethiopia’s efforts to address challenges such as poverty and health crises. Additionally, the uncertainty surrounding future aid allocations may hinder long-term planning and development initiatives within the country.

Implications for Ethiopia

The convergence of these policies presents a complex scenario for Ethiopia. The potential reduction in remittances from Ethiopians in the U.S., coupled with the suspension of foreign aid, could exacerbate economic challenges. Furthermore, Ethiopia’s geopolitical significance in the Horn of Africa means that shifts in U.S. policy could influence regional stability and development. Ethiopian policymakers may need to seek alternative partnerships and diversify sources of foreign assistance to mitigate the impact of these changes.

In summary, the termination of birthright citizenship and the freeze on foreign aid represent significant shifts in U.S. policy with direct consequences for Ethiopia. The full extent of these impacts will depend on the implementation of these orders and the outcomes of anticipated legal challenges. Ethiopia will need to navigate this evolving landscape carefully, balancing domestic needs with the realities of changing international relations.